What is an energy storage device?

An end-user with an energy storage device is developed, which draws energy from multiple energy sources: local energy suppliers and external power grid.

What is dynamic charging?

The dynamic charging avoids the long-distance heat transfer from the melted liquid phase to the nonmelted solid phase, thereby speeding up the charging process and achieving high-efficiency uniform STES within large-volume PCMs.

Does bioinspired dynamic solar system reduce to for dynamically charged PW?

Figure 5I presents that, compared with the fixed charging system, the Δ To for the dynamically charged PW was notably reduced under different solar intensities. In particular, the bioinspired dynamic system could automatically trigger overheating protection when the charging solar density was higher than 0.6 W/cm 2.

How does energy storage cost affect energy scheduling?

It is worth noting that with the incorporation of energy storage cost, it seems to save cost that charge the energy storage device in a low price to use the energy later in a high price, but in fact it increases storage cost, so the end-user is faced with sophisticated trade-offs for energy scheduling.

Can a bioinspired dynamic system prevent overheating?

In particular, the bioinspired dynamic system could automatically trigger overheating protection when the charging solar density was higher than 0.6 W/cm 2. Such automatic floating limited the Δ To within 20°C and prevented overheating-induced safety issues such as severe volatilization, oxidation, and even burning of organic PCMs (fig. S22).

How much solar-thermal energy is stored as desired latent heat?

The amount of solar-thermal energy stored as desired latent heat increased from 159 and 212 J for the PW loaded with static nano-graphite particles and the static copper foam to 350 J in the dynamic charging system (Fig. 3F).